Mathematical Functions

Name

Purpose

Arguments

Return value

Example

abs

Absolute value

1: INTEGER or REAL:

INTEGER or REAL

abs ( -3.7 ); results in 3.7

acos

Arc cosine

1: REAL:

REAL

acos(0); results in 1.570796

asin

Arc sine

1: REAL:

REAL

asin(1); results in 1.570796

atan

Arc tangent

1: REAL:

REAL

atan(1); results in 0.785398

atof

Converts string in real number

1: STRING:

REAL

atof ("-12.34");
results in -12.34

atoi

Converts string in whole number

1: STRING:

INTEGER

atoi ("-12"); results in -12

ceil

Ceiling (next higher integer)

1: REAL:

REAL

ceil(-1.23); results in -1

cos

Cosine

1: REAL:

REAL

cos(0); results in 1

exp

Exponent (natural)

1: REAL:

REAL

exp(1); results in 2.718282

finite

checks whether a real variable has a valid finite value. This function allows to determine invalid real values as well as results of a division by zero.

1: REAL:

BOOLEAN

var r1,r2:real;

begin

enableRealDivByZeroException(false);

r1:=0.0;

r2:=1.0/r1;

if (finite(r2)) then begin

println ("r2 is finite");

end else begin

println ("r2 is not finite");

end;

end.

floor

Floor (next lower integer)

1: REAL:

REAL

floor(-1.23); results in -2

isnan

checks whether a real variable has a value of "NaN" (not a number). Note that the result of a division by 0 is not NaN.

To check for such a result, please use the function "finite".

1: REAL:

BOOLEAN

var r1,r2:real;

begin

enableRealDivByZeroException(false);

r1:=-1.0;

r2:=pow (r1,0.5);

if (isnan(r1)) then begin

println ("r1 is NaN");

end else begin

println ("r1 is not NaN");

end;

end.

Log

Natural logarithm

1: REAL:

REAL

log(10); results in 2.302585

Log10

10-based logarithm

1: REAL:

REAL

log10(10); results in 1

max

Maximum

1: INTEGER or REAL:

2: INTEGER or REAL:

INTEGER or REAL

max(-4.2, -3); results in -3

min

Minimum

1: INTEGER or REAL:

2: INTEGER or REAL:

INTEGER or REAL

min(-4.2, -3);
results in -4.2

pow

Potency

1: REAL: (Basis)
2: REAL: (Exponent)

REAL

pow(2, 0.3333) results in 1.259892

rand

Random number

-

INTEGER: any number between 0 and 32767 (including)

r:=rand;

round

Round

1: REAL:

REAL

round(-4.46) results in -4.0

sin

Sine

1: REAL:

REAL

sin(0.25*3.141593); results in 0.707107

sqrt

Square root

1: REAL:

REAL

sqrt(3); results in 1.732051

tan

Tangent

1: REAL:

REAL

tan(0.25*3.141593); results in 1